培育細(xì)胞的十個(gè)訣竅

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">細(xì)胞可是許多生物學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的主角。如果細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)不好，那么實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果也不會(huì)好到哪兒去。如何讓細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)得好？</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">我司</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">在此介紹了讓細(xì)胞培育的十個(gè)訣竅。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">1.</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">確保所有實(shí)驗(yàn)室材料都無(wú)菌</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">交叉污染是細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)的大敵。即使是輕微的污染，也可能毀了幾個(gè)星期的成果。因培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)溫暖潮濕，真菌極易生長(zhǎng)，因此必須注意定期清潔。此外，在將培養(yǎng)瓶、移液管及其他的相關(guān)物品放入超凈臺(tái)之前，應(yīng)用酒精擦拭干凈，以避免污染。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">2. </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">小心處理您的培養(yǎng)物</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)的脆弱性怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)也不為過(guò)。劇烈搖晃，或連續(xù)的溫度波動(dòng)可能會(huì)對(duì)生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生不利的影響。確保培養(yǎng)箱是水平的，溫度均一，且遠(yuǎn)離電動(dòng)儀器。此外，盡量避免一次處理多個(gè)細(xì)胞系，因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)影響細(xì)胞的基因型和表型。您還應(yīng)定期完成</font>STR<font face="宋體">圖譜分析，以確認(rèn)細(xì)胞系的身份。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">3.</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"> <font face="宋體">在使用前正確解凍細(xì)胞</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">盡管解凍看起來(lái)是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的步驟，但必須操作得當(dāng)，以免傷害細(xì)胞。長(zhǎng)時(shí)間暴露在高溫條件下會(huì)使細(xì)胞無(wú)法鋪板。因此，凍存管應(yīng)當(dāng)在</font>37<font face="宋體">&deg;</font><font face="Calibri">C</font><font face="宋體">水浴中放置</font><font face="Calibri">2</font><font face="宋體">分鐘，然后用條件培養(yǎng)基稀釋?zhuān)员苊庠斐芍苯觽Α?lt;/font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">4. </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">使用對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的細(xì)胞</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)過(guò)程共有</font>3<font face="宋體">個(gè)階段：停滯期、對(duì)數(shù)期和平臺(tái)期，分別代表了低細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)、高細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)和無(wú)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)。有活力的細(xì)胞是健康的，快速分裂的，在對(duì)數(shù)期以</font><font face="Calibri">70-80%</font><font face="宋體">的匯合度存在。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">5. </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">在傳代之前不要讓細(xì)胞完全匯合</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">匯合度是指貼壁細(xì)胞占據(jù)培養(yǎng)瓶表面積的比例。完全匯合意味著</font>100%<font face="宋體">的表面都被貼壁細(xì)胞覆蓋。一定要避免這種狀態(tài)，因?yàn)樗馕吨?xì)胞不能繼續(xù)生長(zhǎng)。不過(guò)，當(dāng)務(wù)之急是使用活躍生長(zhǎng)的細(xì)胞。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">6.</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"> <font face="宋體">選擇培養(yǎng)基開(kāi)發(fā)策略</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">在細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)過(guò)程中，培養(yǎng)基是控制產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、產(chǎn)量和成本的重要因素。必須針對(duì)每種培養(yǎng)物來(lái)定制培養(yǎng)基，以?xún)?yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。在決定以哪種方式來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)您的培養(yǎng)基時(shí)，您有幾個(gè)選擇。您可以購(gòu)買(mǎi)現(xiàn)成的，自己開(kāi)發(fā)，也可以與另一家公司合作開(kāi)發(fā)特定的培養(yǎng)基。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，您需要考慮時(shí)間和成本等因素。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">7. </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">配制干粉培養(yǎng)基時(shí)評(píng)估水的質(zhì)量</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">液體培養(yǎng)基往往會(huì)帶來(lái)比干粉培養(yǎng)基更高質(zhì)量的結(jié)果。這可能與水的質(zhì)量有關(guān)。由于細(xì)菌在水中迅速生長(zhǎng)，故需要監(jiān)控內(nèi)毒素及其他污染物。商業(yè)公司有資源來(lái)監(jiān)控和控制細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)，比如過(guò)濾器。因此使用商業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的液體培養(yǎng)基會(huì)更加可靠一點(diǎn)。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">8. </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">利用細(xì)胞的代謝特性來(lái)優(yōu)化培養(yǎng)基</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">分析使用過(guò)的培養(yǎng)基，有助于鑒定必要成分的代謝速率，包括氨基酸和維生素。從細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)階段和蛋白生產(chǎn)階段收集到的動(dòng)態(tài)代謝圖譜可用來(lái)平衡基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)基和添加培養(yǎng)基，指導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)基的重點(diǎn)，有助于蛋白質(zhì)的生產(chǎn)。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">9.</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"> <font face="宋體">避免細(xì)胞的過(guò)度消化</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">胰蛋白酶通過(guò)消化負(fù)責(zé)讓細(xì)胞與容器結(jié)合的蛋白質(zhì)，而實(shí)現(xiàn)貼壁細(xì)胞的傳代。如果細(xì)胞暴露在胰酶中時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)，則胰酶將開(kāi)始切割細(xì)胞表面蛋白，這會(huì)影響細(xì)胞行駛正常功能的能力。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;">10. </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋體">培養(yǎng)基中不要一直使用抗生素</font></span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">隨著細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)物更加頻繁地暴露在抗生素中，對(duì)抗生素有著天然耐藥性的菌株將開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)。這種現(xiàn)象可掩蓋潛在的污染，這對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)是非常有害的。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>